牛血清白蛋白Bovine serum albumin （BSA） makes up approximately 60% of all proteins in animal serum.
牛血清白蛋白的基本性质
Number of residues：607
Molecular weight：69323.4 Da
pI in water at 25 ℃： 4.7
Optical absorbance of 1 g/l at 279nm： 0.667 mL mg-1 cm-1 at 279nm
Dimensions： 40x40x140 cubic angstroms
A 18-residue signal peptide is cut off from the precursor protein upon secretion, hence the precursor has 607 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 69.4 kDa.
不同浓度单位的换算
牛血清白蛋白溶液常用的浓度单位是质量体积百分比（g/ml）如：1%、0.1%；和质量/体积比如10mg/ml。
这两种单位的换算如下：
1% BSA = 10 mg/ml BSA；0.1% BSA = 1 mg/ml BSA
根据BSA的分子量为69 KDa可以估算出：
10 mg/ml BSA = 0.145 mM = 145 μM
牛血清白蛋白的应用
1、细胞培养时作为添加剂
It is commonly used in cell culture protocols, particularly when protein supplementation is necessary and the other components of serum are unwanted. In cell culture its main role is as a carrier of small molecules. Because of its negative charge, BSA binds water, salts, fatty acids, vitamins and hormones, then carries these bound components between tissues and cells. The binding capacity also makes BSA an effective scavenger for removing toxic substances, including pyrogens, from the medium.
2、作为其他酶的保护剂
eg. In restriction digests, BSA is used to stabilize some enzymes during digestion of DNA and to prevent adhesion of the enzyme to reaction tubes and other vessels.
3、 **组化实验中作为封闭剂
eg. ELISAs （Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay）, immunoblots, and immunohistochemistry
4、蛋白定量时作为标准物
eg. Bradford Assay, BCA assay
5、一些酶活测定反应中作为阴性对照
eg. DNA binding assay
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